Dandruff is viewed widely as a personal hygiene issue, with common causatives attributed to poor scalp cleansing habits and the use of inappropriate scalp products. Such a notion existed, though, until a significant number of studies emerged that located dandruff specifically in the domain of scalp biology and dermatology, and well removed from personal and public hygiene. In a manner that affects every strata of human society, from all age groups and even scalp and hair types, dandruff is viewed as a manifestation of scalp reactions under biological and ecological pressures. Contemporary scientific thought, finally, now recognises that the scalp is a direct extension of facial skin, complete with its unique immune response, flora, and barrier function. Thus, every imbalance noticed leads directly to the manifestation of dandruff, and every understanding of dandruff becomes even more pertinent due to the relationship between scalp problems and chronic skin sensitisation and inflammation.
Why your dandruff may not be caused by a sensitive scalp
The myth about dandruff caused by a lack of cleanliness has not been verified by any dermatological studies. On the other hand, there is a strong association between the sensitivity and response of the scalp to the surrounding conditions. According to the review published in the Journal of Clinical and Investigative Dermatology, there is an overactive response by the scalp to the presence of the Malassezia species, which is a harmless organism to the human body. The organisms speed up the breakdown of sebum in the body, resulting in the production of fatty acids. The fatty acids affect the sensitive parts of the scalp, leading to an abnormal process of the life cycle. The body reacts by accelerating the flaking off and grouping together in the form of flakes.
Early signs of scalp distress
Dandruff does not often occur without prior indication. Prior to the presence of dandruff flakes, the scalp may exhibit slight signs of irritation and an imbalanced state. These conditions are the result of alterations occurring in the turnover, secretion, and regulation of the scalp’s lipid barriers. They can aid in recognising dandruff at an earlier point.
- Itching that recurs after washing
- Feelings of tightness or discomfort on the scalp, especially after washing
- Flakes, white or light grey appearing around the parting region.
- Dirty and oily roots and areas that are dry and rough to the touch
- Enhanced sensitivity of the scalp to substances that were hitherto tolerated without problems
- Flaking or itching, especially when it worsens in the winter or under stress
What causes dandruff
Dandruff is a result of a combination of several factors, both internal and external to the individual. Although the presence of the yeast, Malassezia, is one of the main factors leading to dandruff, it only occurs when the conditions on the skin become favourable for this particular reaction.
- Excess sebum secretion providing nutrients to the yeast
- A naturally-sensitive scalp and low tolerance for microbial by-products
- Genetic propensity towards inflammatory skin responses
- Hormonal changes affecting oil secretion
- Chemicals from harsh shampoos or hair treatments, and hair styling preparations
- Exposure to extreme weather conditions like cold air, pollution, and low humidity
- Disturbances in immune regulation and epidermal turnover induced by psychological stress
How to treat and manage dandruff
An efficient dandruff control requires striking a balance in the skin, as opposed to just removing scales from the scalp. Methods for dandruff control should work to ensure regulation of yeast growth, reduce inflammation, and provide protection for the skin. Such methods also need to be consistent and appropriate.
- The application of medicated shampoos consisting of antifungal drugs to control the yeast population
- Giving sufficient time for the treatment shampoos to work on the scalp prior to rinsing
- Washing hair at regular intervals without using much friction or scrubbing
- Use of gentle and non-fragranced products to minimise irritation
- Avoiding excessive heat styling and chemical treatments that damage the scalp integrity
- Taking care of
scalp health through proper rest, stress management, and hygiene
The long-term effects of ignoring dandruff
If left unattended or undertreated, a condition of chronic inflammation of the scalp can develop as a result of dandruff. This inflammation causes sterols to build up on the scalp and leads to a condition that not only causes embarrassment but can also result in a serious scalp condition.
- Itching resulting in skin scratching and micro-injury to the skin
- Increasing weakness of scalp barrier function and heightened reactivity
- Increased vulnerability to secondary bacterial and fungal infections
- Development of more extensive seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Extension of the flaking, erythematous rash to the area of the eyebrows, ears, or the sides of the nose.
- Discomfort causing interference in sleep patterns, concentration, or routine activity
Disclaimer: The contents presented in this article are for public information purposes only, and this article is not a substitute for a medical professional.Also Read | What is German silver, and is it suitable for all skin types?
